降州鼓乐(Jiangzhou Drum Music)

　　绛州鼓乐产生于历史文化名城新绛县。新绛位于山西西南，运城北部，吕梁山南端，为晋、陕、豫三省区交汇之地，历来在政治、文化、经济方面居于重要地位。据传绛州鼓乐源于先秦，盛于明清。据直隶《绛州志》载：“岁时社稷，夏冬雨季，又乡镇多香火，扮社鼓演剧。”《新绛县志》也曰：“每逢赛社之期，必演剧数日，扮演各种故事，如锣鼓等等。”
　　绛州鼓乐素有“地动山摇”、“闻声十里”之誉。
　　花敲鼓在绛州鼓乐中最具代表性。它所使用的乐器是多面形制不同的鼓。现有十几种敲奏技法，即击鼓边、敲鼓边、墨鼓钉、蹭鼓面、打鼓帮、抽鼓皮、磕鼓环、碰鼓架、单槌滚、双槌擂、槌相搓、槌相击、槌相打、捶相挑。这些技法构成绛州鼓乐独特的地方色彩，这种地方色彩与其独特的艺术风格紧密相连。民间将绛州鼓乐分三路，各路各有常用曲目，南路有《叽呱啦》、《啦呱叽》、《扎咚呱》等，中路有《钉缸》、《麻雀踩蛋》等，北路有《牛斗虎》、《凤凰单展翅》、《狮子撩绣球》等。
　　绛州鼓乐历史悠久，深受当地人民喜爱，具有一定的社会历史价值和艺术价值。

Jiangzhou Drum Music originated in Xinjiang County, a famous historical and cultural city. Xinjiang is located in the southwest of Shanxi, the north of Yuncheng and the southern end of Luliang Mountain. It is the intersection of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and has always occupied an important position in politics, culture and economy. It is said that Jiangzhou drum music originated in the pre-Qin period and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

“Hua qiao” drumming is the most representative of Jiangzhou drum music. The musical instruments it uses are many kinds of drums with different shapes. At present, there are more than a dozen percussion techniques, namely, beating the edge of the drum, scraping the nail of the drum, rubbing the drum surface, beating the drum, pulling the drum skin, knocking the drum ring, touching the drum frame, single-mallet rolling, double-mallet rolling, mallet rubbing, mallet beating, mallet beating and beating. These techniques constitute the unique local characteristics of Jiangzhou drum music, which is closely linked with its unique artistic style. Jiangzhou folk drum music is divided into three ways, each with its own common repertoire.

《滚核桃》（Rolling Walnut）

《滚核桃》是山西绛州鼓乐代表作之一，有多面堂鼓演奏。

乐曲表现了秋天，农民把采摘的核桃集中装袋晕倒房顶上晾晒。核桃晾干后，纷纷从房顶滚落到地上的情景。

演奏家利用敲击鼓心、鼓梆等部位发出不同的声音，还运用了闷奏、滚奏等技法表现核桃滚落。

乐曲表现了农民丰收时欢快、喜悦的心情

Rolling Walnut is one of the representative works of Jiangzhou drum music in Shanxi Province, and there are many different kinds of drum performances.

The music shows that in autumn, farmers put the picked walnuts in bags and fainted to dry on the roof. After the walnuts are dried, they tumble from the roof to the ground.

Performers make different sounds by tapping the drum core, drum bang and other parts, and also use techniques such as muffled playing and rolling playing to show walnut rolling.

The music shows the farmers' cheerful and joyful mood when they have a good harvest.

《拉瓜》（lagua）

“拉呱”源自山西方言，就是老百姓聊天的意思，也是老百姓居家生活的重要组成部分。劳作之余，几家人聚在一起，男女老少开始拉家常。四组饶有兴致的板鼓围坐演奏，用民族打击乐——板鼓，大胆地运用了地方戏的板鼓语汇，以四重奏形式，采取锣鼓乐的套曲结构，极其生动地表现了劳动人民闲聊家常的温馨情景和幽默语气，

"Lagua" originated from Shanxi dialect, which means people chatting, and it is also an important part of people's life at home. After work, several families get together, and men, women, and children start to talk about their families. Four groups of interesting bangu sit around and play, using the national percussion music-bangu, boldly using the bangu vocabulary of local operas. In the form of quartets, they adopt the divertimento structure of gongs and drums, which vividly shows the warm scene and humorous tone of the working people chatting at home.

《牛斗虎》（Ox fighting tiger）

在中国传统文化中，音乐与舞蹈是密不可分的，这种音舞结合在传统打击乐方面非常突出。从商周时代起，我国已拥有较丰富的鼓舞形式。经典的绛州鼓乐《牛斗虎》就是一部把鼓乐、舞蹈、武术结合在一起的作品。
  《牛斗虎》由两面中国大鼓，一面代表牛，一面代表虎，分别表现牛的倔强、虎的威猛，再现了一场壮观激烈的牛斗虎的场面。
  《牛斗虎》对于打击乐演奏者的要求很不一般，需要把打击乐演奏、舞蹈和武术结合起来。在曲谱里面就标记了常用动作的图示标记。乐曲分为埋伏、相遇、相斗三个场景，牛和虎分别由不同演奏家来扮演。

In the traditional culture of China, music and dance are inseparable, and this combination of music and dance is very prominent in traditional percussion. Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China has had abundant forms of encouragement. The classic Jiangzhou drum music Oxfight Tiger is a work that combines drum music, dance and martial arts.

"Oxfight Tiger" consists of two China drums, one representing the cow and the other representing the tiger, which show the stubbornness of the cow and the ferocity of the tiger, respectively, and reproduces a spectacular and fierce scene of Oxfight Tiger.

"Ox Fighting Tiger" has unusual requirements for percussion players. It needs to combine percussion performance, dance and martial arts. Graphical marks of common actions are marked in the music score. The music is divided into three scenes: ambush, meeting and fighting. The ox and the tiger are played by different performers.

《秦王点兵》（Qin Wang Dianbing）

《秦王点兵》是绛州鼓乐。20世纪80年代的新作。在原《秦王破阵乐》的基础上，摄取了《汾南车鼓》、《花敲鼓》、《老虎磕牙》等鼓种曲牌成分，成此杰作。

它融汇了历史和当今、群众和专家、业余和专业的艺术结晶，是社会主义时代的新鼓乐，它两次轰动京华， 震撼巴黎，是黄河文化的骄傲，是中华文化的骄傲。

《秦王点兵》全曲包括引子、鼓边段、鼓心段、锣鼓段、华彩段、尾声段六部份，紧慢张弛结构得当，乐曲相当完整，它将民间套曲的特点与现代曲式结构相融合，使民间锣鼓乐跃上了一个新台阶。

乐曲以出兵为主题，从元帅升帐开始，直到官兵进入，列队布阵，点兵习武，准备出征结束。

乐器分高低两个声部，高音有校鼓、卒鼓、小件铜器；低音有帅鼓、将鼓、大件铜器。演奏中根据主题要求，分别采用不同的演奏手段，有独奏、对奏、合奏、干敲、花打、混击，慢速、中速、快速；四拍、三拍、二拍。

引子里的号角长音把人带进古战场阵地；鼓边采用了击鼓边、鼓邦、鼓环、鼓钉，并与夹板对奏、合奏，新颖多彩。华彩段则吸收西洋协奏曲中的华彩手法，别开生面，映照出将士们临战前的乐观心理。

Qin Wang Dian Bing is Jiangzhou drum music. New works of the 1980s. On the basis of the original "Qin Wang Po Zhen Yue ", the composition of drum types and tunes such as Fennanche Drum, Flower Beating Drum and Tiger Biting Teeth was absorbed, which became this masterpiece.

It combines history with today's, mass and expert, amateur and professional artistic crystallization, and is a new drum music in the socialist era. It has twice sensationalized Beijing and shocked Paris, and is the pride of the Yellow River culture and the pride of Chinese culture.

The whole song of "Qin Wang Dian Bing" includes six parts: introduction, drum edge section, drum heart section, gongs and drums section, colorful section and ending section. The tight and slow relaxation structure is appropriate, and the music is quite complete. It combines the characteristics of folk divertimento with modern musical form structure, and makes the folk gongs and drums music leap to a new level. With the theme of sending troops, the music begins with the marshal's account raising, until the officers and men enter, line up, order soldiers to practice martial arts, and prepare for the end of the expedition.

The musical instrument is divided into two parts, high and low, and the high notes include school drums, pawn drums and small pieces of bronze ware. There are bass drums, tambourines, and large bronze wares. According to the theme requirements, different playing methods are adopted, including solo, duet, ensemble, dry percussion, flower percussion, mixed percussion, slow, medium and fast; Four, three, two. The long sound of the horn in the introduction brings people into the ancient battlefield position; Drums are made of drums, drums, drums, drums and nails, and they are played and ensemble with splints, which are novel and colorful. The cadenza absorbs the cadenza in the Western Concerto, which is unique and reflects the optimism of the soldiers before the war.

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